How to communicate with deaf people (sign language basics)

You do not need fluent sign language to communicate with a deaf or hard-of-hearing person — a little effort and a few basics go a long way, and are always appreciated. Note that sign languages differ by country (British, American and others are distinct); the manual alphabet below lets you spell anything in a pinch. First, the simple courtesies that matter most Get attention gently — a wave in their line of sight or a light tap on the shoulder. Face the person, in good light, and keep your mouth visible — many people lip-read. Speak normally, a little slower, without shouting or exaggerating; over-mouthing is harder to read, not easier. Keep your hands and face expressive — expression carries meaning in sign. Writing it down or typing on a phone is always a fair, respectful fallback. Fingerspelling — the alphabet Fingerspelling uses handshapes for each letter to spell names and words. Be…